[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"knowledge-3cf7372841b43c9b":3},{"id":4,"slug":5,"category":6,"categoryLabel":7,"title":8,"summary":9,"coverUrl":10,"publishDate":11,"shareUser":12,"rank":16,"lastSyncedAt":17,"contentHtml":18,"images":19,"sourceUrl":59},"6a33b706759fbb61a05370b0","3cf7372841b43c9b","electronics","电子","能爬能跳能游泳……现在的机器人咋越来越像动物了","如今，机器人领域正在向大自然借鉴灵感。","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774082705-0-c6da4855.gif","2018-07-27T18:24:13.567768+08:00",{"name":13,"label":14,"text":15},"idUv","idUv分享","来自idUv分享",9,"2026-08-23T01:15:57.317Z","\u003Cdiv>\u003Cp>（顾金涛\u002F编译）它们能像人类一样行走，像四足动物一样爬行，像蛇类一样游走。它们也能像昆虫一样协调自如，比如HEXA。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083071-1-45136c7e.gif\">HEXA\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>最近几年，机器人产业经历了大爆炸。它们以多得惊人的形式，在各种场合出现。许多机器人的造型灵感都来自大自然，比如蝾螈和八爪鱼。现在，就让我们踏上现代机器人工业的基石，来一次“仿生之旅”吧。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>不会咬你的，我保证……\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>进化为动物塑造了各种造型，以帮助它们占领陆地、海洋和天空。因此，它也成为了机器人工程师的灵感来源。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083308-2-a0a80762.gif\">蛇蛇机器人\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>首先登场的是蛇蛇机器人，这些机器人基本上是由约16个单独的电机和驱动机组成的。通过改变各个关节，我们可以调整它的三维形状，让它蜿蜒卷曲等等。尽管这个机器人显然在“蛇行”，但研究者们并没有去复制蛇的骨头和肌肉。他们从一开始就只想复刻它的灵活性。蛇可以攀缘、钻入狭窄空间，蛇蛇机器人也可以。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>全盘复制蛇的生理结构不仅不可能，也毫无必要。但蛇蛇机器人真正的特别之处在于，它可以做到真蛇也做不到的事，比如这样：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083855-3-1cae31ce.gif\">蛇蛇机器人\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>虽然前面那位短期内还没法跳起来，但Salto绝对可以。这个“独腿侠”模仿的是婴猴这种小动物：它们起跳前的蹲伏状态，可以储存很大的能力，再在一瞬间内释放。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774084693-4-be84f5e0.gif\">婴猴\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>Salto也可以这样，但这只是起跳而已。在物体间弹跳更是一个挑战，Salto在空中的朝向被基于它的当前位置、速度目标位置和目标速度来控制，它只需要选择落地的方向，探测到与物体的接触，然后施加短促的力量让它弹起来。如此重复。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774085278-5-e95496cb.gif\">Salto\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>斯坦福的MicroTug移动的方式更有条理。受壁虎脚底的吸附性启发，这个小家伙可以奇迹般地提起相当于自身体重2000倍的重物，这就像是人提起13.6吨重的物体。秘密武器就是橡胶微毛，它让机器人牵拉重物时能牢牢吸附在地上，通过协同运作，它们甚至能拉动汽车。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774085690-6-627fd70a.gif\">MicroTug\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>加州理工大学的研究者们发明了一种机器蝙蝠，它有碳纤维骨骼和硅酮翅膀。机器蝙蝠又是一例科学家无需严格模仿动物的例子。这些翅膀的关节数量是9，而不是蝙蝠翅膀的40。自然选择花了几千年塑造蝙蝠，但是机器人学家直接取经，还做了简化。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086099-7-ccdf38e4.gif\">机器蝙蝠\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>除了取经于动物生理学，要是直接取经于进化会怎样？\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>DYRET可以像婴儿一样，在摔跤中学习走路。它尝试不同的姿态，然后选择特定环境下最好的。在雪地中，它自动地降低重心提高稳定性，就像自然界的动物一样。就这样，它适应了环境。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086758-8-ef0cc096.gif\">DYRET\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>机器人还能模仿集群行为。蚂蚁擅长两件事：毁掉你的野餐，以及合作建窝。微型机器人能像蚂蚁一样，建造惊人的结构。它们有些运胶有些搭梁，我们可以制造出专门用于抓取和移动的零件，例如电阻器和LED的机器人，这意味着微型机器人可以合作搭建出比3D打印更坚固的复杂结构。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>而仿生学还可以帮助科学家更好地理解和保护动物，比如这条来自MIT的机器鱼：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp class=\"img-caption\">\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086899-9-49a0c819.gif\">仿生鱼\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>它通过往尾巴两侧泵水来游动，其控制信号并不是无线电波，而是声波。这个机器人某天将会无需人类控制，自行在珊瑚礁内穿梭，为科学家带来前所未见的视角，来观察珊瑚生态系统。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cp>（编辑：EON）\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fdiv>",[20,23,27,31,35,39,43,47,51,55],{"sourceUrl":21,"localPath":22,"publicUrl":10},"https:\u002F\u002F2-im.guokr.com\u002FpyXsoY3kwlrBg1K12FR1Le2WK4iGnvrzcCrC6VIVuVUAAgAA4gAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774082705-0-c6da4855.gif",{"sourceUrl":24,"localPath":25,"publicUrl":26},"https:\u002F\u002F1-im.guokr.com\u002FsuVd8jxx4JvT5cmebN9Jsaqu_ESwg2rg7Hli0H060goAAgAA4gAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774083071-1-45136c7e.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083071-1-45136c7e.gif",{"sourceUrl":28,"localPath":29,"publicUrl":30},"https:\u002F\u002F2-im.guokr.com\u002FvXcmzgD198krDsXyEPAjINgpyEr9YjlaHGsVAM7XFVMAAgAA2wAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774083308-2-a0a80762.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083308-2-a0a80762.gif",{"sourceUrl":32,"localPath":33,"publicUrl":34},"https:\u002F\u002F3-im.guokr.com\u002Fbe3DJ3haFmxxsGreDXyoGKURG27_1ztNxnNfjm5saYoAAgAA3AAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774083855-3-1cae31ce.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774083855-3-1cae31ce.gif",{"sourceUrl":36,"localPath":37,"publicUrl":38},"https:\u002F\u002F2-im.guokr.com\u002FuunM3rcDCpk3zbQfW-8Hcvl6QhVkXaOS8sDgNMCEX-MAAgAAGQEAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774084693-4-be84f5e0.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774084693-4-be84f5e0.gif",{"sourceUrl":40,"localPath":41,"publicUrl":42},"https:\u002F\u002F3-im.guokr.com\u002FEcVRt1gdE_H6MmXypqCwzZspWZtpeRG1iUdJLZYb8MMAAgAA5AAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774085278-5-e95496cb.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774085278-5-e95496cb.gif",{"sourceUrl":44,"localPath":45,"publicUrl":46},"https:\u002F\u002F3-im.guokr.com\u002F4RmZUSNcM7vLJ53MDgQ0ruhCwd-ooUwcdsovR3WOxMoAAgAA8gAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774085690-6-627fd70a.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774085690-6-627fd70a.gif",{"sourceUrl":48,"localPath":49,"publicUrl":50},"https:\u002F\u002F3-im.guokr.com\u002FKxdwtR8KqGnwh9x3UpEyRbqulyXs2dqbbSzNHBrmVCwAAgAA4AAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774086099-7-ccdf38e4.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086099-7-ccdf38e4.gif",{"sourceUrl":52,"localPath":53,"publicUrl":54},"https:\u002F\u002F1-im.guokr.com\u002F3wd9AIh07yWO1lE93YRVmLSSKeB_qsYBT11VDvKeLukAAgAA4QAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774086758-8-ef0cc096.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086758-8-ef0cc096.gif",{"sourceUrl":56,"localPath":57,"publicUrl":58},"https:\u002F\u002F3-im.guokr.com\u002FGmz4A1fKh3fi1fug0-3vTQjq5_EV_fFj3sWSATyxT0wAAgAA4gAAAEdJ.gif","C:\\www\\images\\electronics\\20260618\\image-1781774086899-9-49a0c819.gif","https:\u002F\u002Ffoxfom.com\u002Fimages\u002Felectronics\u002F20260618\u002Fimage-1781774086899-9-49a0c819.gif","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.guokr.com\u002Farticle\u002F443124\u002F"]